机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

PHEV能量管理策略研究

针对一款串联型插电式混合动力公交车,文章基于MTLALB建立整车和各部件数值模型。在中国典型城市公交工况下,建立基于全局优化的DP策略,并与CD-CS策略和PMP策略进行能耗对比分析。结果表明:(1)基于CD-CS策略的后期SOC在一定范围内波动,DP策略与PMP策略的SOC轨迹近似呈线性变化。(2)CD-CS策略较DP策略的能耗成本高22.68%,PMP策略比DP策略的能耗成本高0.30%。DP策略与PMP策略可以合理分配能量源,实现全局最优,但DP策略相比PMP策略计算量大。     

大型铁路客运枢纽换乘服务研究

站在运输服务设计的角度,以增强旅客换乘出行体验为目的,提出“人、行李分离”的换乘服务理念,并基于该服务理念设计铁路客运枢纽内同站和异站换乘的方案。异站换乘方案设计时,提出铁路专用车的概念,打造一种全新的换乘模式,满足旅客换乘出行的多元化需求,吸引旅客主动换乘。最后,从心理和生理舒适性两个角度对换乘服务理念进行评价,结果表明“人、行李分离”服务创造了旅客换乘出行附加价值,提高了旅客的换乘出行体验感。     

边际油田-WZ11—1N开发的工程策略

讨论了北部湾边际油田-WZ11-1N油田开发的工程策略，通过技术和经济上的综合分析，WZ11-1N油田采用了“三一”模式依托开发的成果，在应用涠洲地区成熟的、较先进的工程技术和开发经验的基础上，对依托平台／管线的处理工艺和寿命进行了详细的优化和校核，同时采用了电力组网新技术，达到了降低工程投资，提高油田收益的目的。另外在总体布置上为未来油田的依托开发预留了空间。     

汽车企业的技术人力资源战略

分析汽车企业中技术人力资源流失的原因,浅谈人才战略选择。     

渤海湾海上油田原油外输过程的安全监管

海洋蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,海洋石油的开采开发在社会和经济领域具有重要的意义,原油外输过驳又是油田安全生产的重要环节之一。本文主要结合渤海湾海上油田的现状,对油田原油过驳的过程及外输过驳过程的海事安全监管进行了简要分析。     

城市轨道交通与铁路车站的衔接方式探讨

对国内的铁路与城市轨道交通已有的衔接方式进行了分析,提出了衔接的基本原则,概括了目前国内城市轨道交通与铁路衔接的基本形式和布局模式。针对上海西站周围环境与交通规划,提出上海西站交通枢纽城市轨道交通与铁路衔接方式的初步建议。     

CRH_3型高速动车组整流器预测电流控制仿真研究

对CRH3型高速动车组牵引传动系统采用的四象限整流器,在分析了其基本原理及其控制策略的基础上,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了一种基于预测电流控制方法的四象限脉冲整流器的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,预测电流控制方法可以保持中间直流环节电压的稳定输出,实现调压稳压的功能,并且网侧功率因数近似等于1,谐波含量较小。     

武汉地铁连续同台换乘站研究与评价

类比常见轨道交通换乘站设计方案,车站同台换乘模式具有较高的便捷性,受到设计者和广大乘客的喜爱,但该换乘模式无法解决反向换乘不便的问题。为满足乘客通过同站台完成各个分向换乘的需求,武汉地铁2、4号线采用了连续同站台换乘的新型模式。从武汉地铁2、4号线换乘站的设计思路出发,通过分析2014年度武汉轨道交通线网客流数据,结合换乘站的客流组织方案,对这种新型换乘设计思路的实用性进行研究与评价,以期为今后城市轨道交通换乘方案的选择和设计提供参考。